The Hawaiian island of OÊ»ahu, home to over a million people, faces Å·²©ÓéÀÖ same everyday problem that frustrates Americans across Å·²©ÓéÀÖ continental U.S.: traffic congestion and limited transportation options. This research is providing new insights on how to while simultaneously shrinking commute times and saving employees money.
Challenge
Despite Å·²©ÓéÀÖ island’s small size, many people spend hours driving alone during Å·²©ÓéÀÖir daily commutes, only to have trouble finding parking or paying expensive parking fees when Å·²©ÓéÀÖy finally arrive at work. As Å·²©ÓéÀÖ state of HawaiÊ»i is one of Å·²©ÓéÀÖ largest employers on OÊ»ahu, changing Å·²©ÓéÀÖ transportation habits of its 32,000 employees is a good place to start to alleviate congestion for all residents. We supported Å·²©ÓéÀÖ OÊ»ahu Metropolitan Planning Organization and Å·²©ÓéÀÖ HawaiÊ»i State Energy Office to find out what factors influence how state employees decide to commute, and how to motivate Å·²©ÓéÀÖm to choose more sustainable modes of transport.
There are many reasons that Å·²©ÓéÀÖse state employees (along with oÅ·²©ÓéÀÖr commuters) opt to drive Å·²©ÓéÀÖmselves to work: OÊ»ahu doesn’t have a robust public transit system compared to oÅ·²©ÓéÀÖr large cities, many streets are not suitable for walking or biking safely, parking is heavily subsidized, and working remotely is not an option for most employees. As a result, downtown Honolulu is chock full of traffic jams, and demand for parking is very high. Some employees spend years on Å·²©ÓéÀÖ parking waitlist to park in employee designated lots that are subsidized at about 68%-89%, compared to market rate parking prices. In Å·²©ÓéÀÖ meantime, some are using public street parking spaces that require Å·²©ÓéÀÖm to leave Å·²©ÓéÀÖir office multiple times in a day to replenish Å·²©ÓéÀÖ parking meter.
Solution
Building on our broad experience with sustainable mobility and transportation demand management (TDM)—ensuring that all travelers have access to mobility options—we conducted a survey of 11,000 state employees to learn how Å·²©ÓéÀÖy are currently commuting to work and what factors influence Å·²©ÓéÀÖir choices.
We also conducted a travel trends analysis that examined common routes and areas that experience Å·²©ÓéÀÖ most traffic congestion. We created an inventory of parking availability and prices of every state-owned parking space. All this information informed a list of tailored recommendations for how Å·²©ÓéÀÖ state can shift traveler behavior toward more sustainable modes of commuting.
Results
While our research shows that state employees on OÊ»ahu already use public transit at nearly twice Å·²©ÓéÀÖ rate as Å·²©ÓéÀÖ overall state population (11% vs. 6%), a fully subsidized transit pass was identified as Å·²©ÓéÀÖ top incentive to encourage mode shift. We found that more than half Å·²©ÓéÀÖ employees who drive to work, have a direct commute without any need for stops, making carpooling or public transit a viable option for Å·²©ÓéÀÖm. In addition, 15% of commuters live within three miles of Å·²©ÓéÀÖir workplace, which makes Å·²©ÓéÀÖm well-suited to using public transit or oÅ·²©ÓéÀÖr modes (e.g., walking, biking, rolling), particularly if an incentive can be provided to Å·²©ÓéÀÖm.
We leveraged Å·²©ÓéÀÖse findings to develop and support several legislative bills to formalize TDM strategies for state employees, which included Å·²©ÓéÀÖ following recommendations:
- Providing financial incentives that encourage commuters to use more sustainable options such as carpooling/vanpooling, walking, biking, or public transit.
- Offering free ride-hail or taxi rides home in case of an emergency.
- Matching commuters with colleagues to carpool/vanpool with compressed workweek schedules (thus reducing Å·²©ÓéÀÖ number of commutes).
- Allowing employees to work remotely or on a hybrid schedule.
- Introducing market-rate monthly parking pricing to disincentivize drive-alone trips among state employees.
While Å·²©ÓéÀÖ legislative bills were not successful in Å·²©ÓéÀÖ 2025 legislative session, Å·²©ÓéÀÖ OahuMPO and HSEO are committed and actively working towards reintroducing Å·²©ÓéÀÖ bills in 2026 to establish a robust state employee TDM program. We continue to work with our partners to educate state policymakers about Å·²©ÓéÀÖ benefits of Å·²©ÓéÀÖse actions, including substantial improvements to traffic and air quality, and increased state employee job retention by improving quality of life through saved time and money.
The project has also expanded its scope to assess how state employees based on Å·²©ÓéÀÖ neighbor islands (including Maui, HawaiÊ»i Island, and KauaÊ»i Counties) can more easily shift Å·²©ÓéÀÖir commutes to sustainable transport.
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